Overview
Discourse markers are words and phrases that organise and connect ideas in speech and writing: however, furthermore, on the other hand, as a result, in conclusion. They signal the relationship between ideas and help readers or listeners follow the structure of an argument.
Addition & Emphasis
- Addingfurthermore, moreover, in addition — more formal than 'and'
- Emphasisin fact, indeed, above all, especially
- ExampleHe is talented. Moreover, he works extremely hard.
Contrast & Result
- Contrasthowever, nevertheless, on the other hand, by contrast
- Resulttherefore, consequently, as a result, hence
- Concedeadmittedly, granted, while it is true that
- ExampleThe plan was risky. Nevertheless, we proceeded.
Common Mistakes
- ❌ However he was tired, he kept going → ✅ Although / However is not a conjunction
- ❌ She failed. Despite, she tried again → ✅ Nevertheless
- ❌ Overusing 'also' in formal writing → prefer furthermore/moreover
When to use
Academic Essays
The results were significant. Furthermore, they were reproducible.
Business Reports
Sales fell. Consequently, we revised our strategy.
Formal Speeches
The policy has benefits. However, there are risks.
Professional Emails
The deadline passed. Nevertheless, we completed the work.