Overview
Sentences are combined using coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, so), subordinating conjunctions (although, because, when), relative pronouns (who, which, that), participle phrases, and connectors. Combining short sentences creates more sophisticated, varied, and fluent writing.
Combining with connectors
- andShe is both talented and hard-working.
- but/whereasHe prefers cities, whereas she prefers the countryside.
- either/orYou can either call or email me.
- neither/norNeither the manager nor the team attended.
Contrast connectors
- whereas = direct contrast between two clauses.
- but = simple contrast within one sentence.
- both … and = emphasises two things together.
- neither … nor = negative for two things.
Common Mistakes
- ❌ Neither he or she was available. → ✅ Neither he nor she was available.
- ❌ He is both ambitious or hard-working. → ✅ both ambitious and hard-working.
- ❌ She likes cities whereas she prefers towns. → ✅ Use different subjects.
When to use
Essay writing
Both the evidence and the methodology support the claim.
Comparison
Sales rose whereas costs remained stable.
Discussions
Neither the price nor the quality was acceptable.
Reports
Either the deadline must change or the scope must reduce.